Commands

• https://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix_commands/sh.htm

Commands

Command	Description
addgroup	add a user or group to the system
adduser	add a user or group to the system
alias	Creates user defined alias
apk
apropos	search the manual page names and descriptions
apt install	Installs application (on Debian based systems)
apt search	Searches for application (on Debian based systems)
apt	command-line interface
as	the portable GNU assembler
ash
awk	pattern scanning and processing language
base64	base64 encode/decode data and print to standard output
basename	strip directory and suffix from filenames
basename	parse pathname components
bash -x
bash	GNU Bourne-Again SHell
bg	move process to background
bzip2	a block-sorting file compressor, v1.0.8
cat	concatenate files and print on the standard output
cc	GNU project C and C++ compiler
cd	Change directory
chattr	change file attributes on a Linux file system
chgpasswd	update group passwords in batch mode
chgrp	change group ownership
chmod	change file mode bits
chmod	change permissions of a file
chown	change file owner and group
chown	change ownership of a file
chpasswd	update passwords in batch mode
chroot	change root directory
chroot	run command or interactive shell with special root directory
clear	clear the terminal screen
cp	copy files and directories
cpan	easily interact with CPAN from the command line
cpio	copy files to and from archives
cpp	The C Preprocessor
cron	daemon to execute scheduled commands (Vixie Cron)
crontab	maintain crontab files for individual users (Vixie Cron)
crontab	tables for driving cron
csh
cut	remove sections from each line of files
date +%F
date --date='-10 min'
date	print or set the system date and time
dd	convert and copy a file
debconf	run a debconf-using program
delgroup	remove a user or group from the system
delpart	tell the kernel to forget about a partition
deluser	remove a user or group from the system
df -h
df	report file system disk space usage
diff	compare files line by line
dir	list directory contents
dirname	strip last component from file name
dirname	parse pathname components
dmesg	print or control the kernel ring buffer
docker
dpkg	package manager for Debian
du -hs
du	estimate file space usage
echo -e
echo -n
echo	display a line of text
ed	line-oriented text editor
edit
egrep	print lines that match patterns
eject	eject removable media
encguess	guess character encodings of files
env	Show all environmental variables
env	run a program in a modified environment
exit 0
exit 1
exit	terminate the calling process
exit	cause normal process termination
expand	convert tabs to spaces
export	Set environment variable
fakeroot	run a command in an environment faking root privileges for file manipulation
fdisk	manipulate disk partition table
fg	move process to foreground
file	determine file type
file	overview of system data types
find	search for files in a directory hierarchy
fork	basic process management
free	Display amount of free and used memory in the system
free	allocate and free dynamic memory
fsck	check and repair a Linux filesystem
g++	GNU project C and C++ compiler
gcc	GNU project C and C++ compiler
gettext	translate message
gettext	translate message
git	the stupid content tracker
go
gpg	OpenPGP encryption and signing tool
grep	print lines that match patterns
groupadd	create a new group
groupdel	delete a group
groupmod	modify a group definition on the system
groups	print the groups a user is in
grub-mkconfig	generate a GRUB configuration file
grub
gunzip	compress or expand files
gzip	compress or expand files
halt	Halt, power-off or reboot the machine
hash	hash database access method
hdparam
head	output the first part of files
hexdump	display file contents in hexadecimal, decimal, octal, or ascii
hostname	show or set the system’s host name
hostname	Local hostname configuration file
hostname	hostname resolution description
hostnamectl	Control the system hostname
htop	interactive process viewer
iconv	convert text from one character encoding to another
iconv	perform character set conversion
id	print real and effective user and group IDs
jacktheripper
java
javac
jobs
join	join lines of two files on a common field
journalctl	Query the systemd journal
jq
json_pp
jsondiff
kill -9
kill	send a signal to a process
kill	send signal to a process
killall	kill processes by name
kpartx	Create device maps from partition tables
l
la
last	show a listing of last logged in users
ld	The GNU linker
ldconfig	configure dynamic linker run-time bindings
less	opposite of more
ll
ln -s
ln	make links between files
locale-gen	generates localisation files from templates
locale	get locale-specific information
locale	describes a locale definition file
locale	description of multilanguage support
localectl	Control the system locale and keyboard layout settings
localedef	compile locale definition files
locate	Locates file (from updatedb database)
login	begin session on the system
login	write utmp and wtmp entries
logname	print user’s login name
logout	write utmp and wtmp entries
logrotate	rotates, compresses, and mails system logs
ls	list directory contents
lsattr	list file attributes on a Linux second extended file system
lsb_release	print distribution-specific information
lsmod	Show the status of modules in the Linux Kernel
lsof	list open files
lspci	list all PCI devices
lsusb	list USB devices
lvm	LVM2 tools
lxc
lzma	Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
make	GNU make utility to maintain groups of programs
man	an interface to the system reference manuals
man	macros to format man pages
mc	Midnight Commander
md5sum	compute and check MD5 message digest
mdmon	monitor MD external metadata arrays
meminfo
memusage	profile memory usage of a program
mesg	display (or do not display) messages from other users
mkdir	make directories
mkdir	create a directory
mkfs	build a Linux filesystem
mkinitramfs	low-level tool for generating an initramfs image
mkswap	set up a Linux swap area
modprobe	Add and remove modules from the Linux Kernel
more	file perusal filter for crt viewing
mount	mount filesystem
mount	mount a filesystem
mv	move (rename) files
nano	Nano’s ANOther editor, inspired by Pico
nice	run a program with modified scheduling priority
nice	change process priority
nohup	run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
nologin	prevent unprivileged users from logging into the system
nologin	politely refuse a login
npm
nproc	print the number of processing units available
open	open and possibly create a file
openssl	OpenSSL command line program
parted	a partition manipulation program
partx	tell the kernel about the presence and numbering of on-disk partitions
pasebinit
passwd	change user password
passwd	the password file
patch	apply a diff file to an original
pbget	compress and encode arbitrary files to pastebin.com
pbput	compress and encode arbitrary files to pastebin.com
pdb
perl
pico	Nano’s ANOther editor, inspired by Pico
pidof	find the process ID of a running program.
pidwait	look up, signal, or wait for processes based on name and other attributes
pip
pkill	look up, signal, or wait for processes based on name and other attributes
pkill	Kill all instances of a process by pattern matching the command-line
pmap	report memory map of a process
poweroff	Halt, power-off or reboot the machine
printenv	print all or part of environment
printf	format and print data
printf	formatted output conversion
ps aux
ps	report a snapshot of the current processes.
pslog	report current logs path of a process
pstree	display a tree of processes
puts	output of characters and strings
pwd	print name of current/working directory
python3 -m http.server
python3
rcp	OpenSSH secure file copy
read	read from a file descriptor
readline	get a line from a user with editing
readlink	print resolved symbolic links or canonical file names
readlink	read value of a symbolic link
readonly
reboot	reboot or enable/disable Ctrl-Alt-Del
reboot	Halt, power-off or reboot the machine
renice	alter priority of running processes
reset	terminal initialization
resizepart	tell the kernel about the new size of a partition
rm -fr
rm	Remove
rm	remove files or directories
rmdir	remove empty directories
rmdir	delete a directory
rmmod	Simple program to remove a module from the Linux Kernel
rsync	Syncronizes two directories
rsync	a fast, versatile, remote (and local) file-copying tool
run-parts	run scripts or programs in a directory
runlevel	Print previous and current SysV runlevel
scp	OpenSSH secure file copy
screen	screen manager with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation
sed	stream editor for filtering and transforming text
seq	print a sequence of numbers
service	run a System V init script
set +e
set -e
set
setcap	set file capabilities
setterm	set terminal attributes
sh -x
sh	command interpreter (shell)
sha1sum	compute and check SHA1 message digest
sha256sum	compute and check SHA256 message digest
sha512sum	compute and check SHA512 message digest
shasum	Print or Check SHA Checksums
shred	overwrite a file to hide its contents, and optionally delete it
shutdown	shut down part of a full-duplex connection
shutdown	Halt, power-off or reboot the machine
size	list section sizes and total size of binary files
skill	send a signal or report process status
sleep	delay for a specified amount of time
sleep	sleep for a specified number of seconds
snap
sort	sort lines of text files
source
split	split a file into pieces
stat	display file or file system status
strace	trace system calls and signals
strings	print the sequences of printable characters in files
stty	change and print terminal line settings
stty	unimplemented system calls
su	run a command with substitute user and group ID
sudo	execute a command as another user
sum	checksum and count the blocks in a file
suspend
swapoff	start/stop swapping to file/device
swapoff	enable/disable devices and files for paging and swapping
swapon	start/stop swapping to file/device
swapon	enable/disable devices and files for paging and swapping
sync	Synchronize cached writes to persistent storage
sync	commit filesystem caches to disk
sysctl	read/write system parameters
sysctl	configure kernel parameters at runtime
systemctl	Control the systemd system and service manager
systemd	systemd system and service manager
tail -f
tail	output the last part of files
tailf
tar jc
tar jx
tar zc
tar zx
tar	an archiving utility
tee	read from standard input and write to standard output and files
tee	duplicating pipe content
tempfile	create a temporary file in a safe manner
test	check file types and compare values
time	run programs and summarize system resource usage
time	get time in seconds
time	overview of time and timers
timeout	run a command with a time limit
times	get process times
toe	table of (terminfo) entries
top	display Linux processes
touch	change file timestamps
tput	initialize a terminal or query terminfo database
tr	translate or delete characters
trap
tree	list contents of directories in a tree-like format
tset	terminal initialization
tty	print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input
tty	controlling terminal
type
tzconfig
tzselect	view timezones
tzselect	select a timezone
ulimit	get and set user limits
umask	set file mode creation mask
unalias
uname -a
uname -r
uname	print system information
uname	get name and information about current kernel
uniq	report or omit repeated lines
unlink	call the unlink function to remove the specified file
unlink	delete a name and possibly the file it refers to
unlzma	Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
unset
unzip
update-alternatives	maintain symbolic links determining default commands
update-grub	stub for grub-mkconfig
update-locale	Modify global locale settings
updatedb	Scans filesystem and create database for locate
uptime	print time since last reboot
useradd	create a new user or update default new user information
userdel	delete a user account and related files
usermod	modify a user account
users	print the user names of users currently logged in to the current host
uuidgen	create a new UUID value
vi	Vi IMproved, a programmer’s text editor
view	Vi IMproved, a programmer’s text editor
vim	Vi IMproved, a programmer’s text editor
vimdiff	edit between two and eight versions of a file with Vim and show differences
visudo	edit the sudoers file
vmstat	Report virtual memory statistics
w	Show who is logged on and what they are doing
wait	wait for process to change state
wall	write a message to all users
watch	execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen
wc -c	print number of characters in file
wc -l	print number of lines in file
wc	print newline, word, and byte counts for each file
whatis	display one-line manual page descriptions
whereis	locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a command
which	locate a command
who	show who is logged on
whoami	print effective userid
write	send a message to another user
write	write to a file descriptor
xargs	build and execute command lines from standard input
xz	Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
zip